N THIS study, castor oil was used to produce biodiesel via …….transesterification reaction in present of methanol.The reaction was performed using novel modified montmorillonite catalyst (heterogeneous catalyst).The prepared catalysts were characterized by the HR-TEM , XRD, IR, and N 2 -adsorption.The transesterification reaction was carried out using different oil /methanol molar ratios (1:3), (1...