The present study was undertaken to understand the protease mediated resistance mechanism of Cry1C and Vip3A in S. litura. Proteases play an important role for convertion of protoxins to active toxin. Hence laboratory selection of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) with Cry1C and Vip3A was done for eight generations to develop resistance, which developed 30.32 and 285.47 fold resistance respectively. Fourth...